Capture of John "Calico Jack" Rackham

Last updated
Capture of John "Calico Jack" Rackham
Part of the Golden Age of Piracy
Rackham, Jack.jpg
An 18th-century woodcut of Calico Jack
Datec.October 22, 1720
Location
Result British victory
Belligerents
Union flag 1606 (Kings Colors).svg  Great Britain Pirate Flag of Rack Rackham.svg Pirates
Commanders and leaders
Union flag 1606 (Kings Colors).svg Jonathan Barnet Pirate Flag of Rack Rackham.svg Calico Jack   White flag icon.svg
Strength
1 sloop 1 sloop
Casualties and losses
None 13 captured
1 sloop captured

The capture of John "Calico Jack" Rackham was a single-ship action fought between English pirate Calico Jack and British privateer Jonathan Barnet. The battle was fought in the vicinity of Negril, Jamaica and ended with the capture of Rackham and his crew.

Contents

Background

Rackham commanded William, a small but fast twelve-ton sloop during the action. Her armament was light, consisting of at least four cannons, and at the time of battle carried a crew of fourteen including Rackham and the pirates Mary Read and Anne Bonny. Calico Jack was originally a pirate under Captain Charles Vane, but soon after gained his own ship. In 1719, he sailed to New Providence to receive a pardon and a letter of marque from Governor of New Providence Captain Woodes Rogers. The War of the Quadruple Alliance had begun, and England hoped to make privateers of Caribbean brigands fight the Spanish. Captain Rackham was capable of receiving a pardon, but he did not receive a commission to attack the Spanish fleet.

Calico settled in New Providence, where he met Anne Bonny, but when his money was gone he returned to his life of crime.[ citation needed ] On August 22, 1719, Rackham and 8 other men, stole and took to the seas aboard the sloop William , in Nassau harbor.

The Governor of Jamaica, Nicholas Lawes, directed Captain Jonathan Barnet to take two sloops on a mission to hunt him down. One, Snow-Tyger, was heavily armed with several guns and carried about twenty Royal Navy sailors and some British Army troops;[ citation needed ] the other was Mary Anne (under former pirate Jean Bonadvis [1] ) which carried about twenty men. Bonadvis was the first to spot Rackham, who fired on him; Bonadvis then retreated to report Rackham's position to Barnet, but did not further participate in the battle. [2] The encounter is remembered more for its participants than the actual combat.

Capture

On October 22, 1720, [3] Rackham's sloop was laid at anchor near Negril and fired a gun which caught the attention of Jean Bonadvis' sloop. Bonadvis reported this to Barnet who sailed to investigate the sloop. At 10 PM Barnet called out to the sloop and inquired as to who they were. The reply was "John Rackham from Cuba" and Barnet immediately ordered him to strike his colors. Someone (Barnet testified that because of it being so dark he could not identify who) replied that they would not surrender and fired a swivel gun at Barnet's sloop. Barnet ordered a broadside which destroyed the boom on Rackham's ship and his crew called for quarter.

Barnet had the men put ashore at Davis's Cove near Lucea where Major Richard James, a militia officer, placed them under arrest. [4]

Aftermath

Rackham and his crew were brought to Spanish Town, Jamaica, in November 1720, where they were tried and convicted of piracy and sentenced to be hanged. Rackham was gibbeted on Rackham's Cay at the entrance of Port Royal. [4] The remains of the other pirates were placed at various locations around the port. [4] Mary Read and Anne Bonny avoided hanging by claiming that they were pregnant, Read died several months later in April 1721, while Bonny was never heard from again.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of the Bahamas</span>

The earliest arrival of people in the islands now known as The Bahamas was in the first millennium AD. The first inhabitants of the islands were the Lucayans, an Arawakan language-speaking Taino people, who arrived between about 500 and 800 AD from other islands of the Caribbean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Calico Jack</span> English pirate

John Rackham, commonly known as Calico Jack, was an English pirate captain operating in the Bahamas and in Cuba during the early 18th century. His nickname was derived from the calico clothing that he wore, while Jack is a nickname for "John".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mary Read</span> English pirate

Mary Read, was an English pirate. She and Anne Bonny were among the few female pirates during the "Golden Age of Piracy".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anne Bonny</span> 18th-century female pirate

Anne Bonny was a pirate who served under John “Calico Jack” Rackham. Amongst the few recorded female pirates in history, she has become one of the most recognised pirates of the era as well as in the history of piracy in general.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Edward England</span> Irish pirate (c. 1685 – 1721)

Edward England was an Irish pirate. The ships he sailed on included the Pearl and later the Fancy, for which England exchanged the Pearl in 1720. His flag was the classic Jolly Roger — almost exactly as the one "Black Sam" Bellamy used — with a human skull above two crossed bones on a black background. Like Bellamy, England was known for his kindness and compassion as a leader, unlike many other pirates of the time.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Golden Age of Piracy</span> Maritime piracy from the 1650s to the 1730s

The Golden Age of Piracy is a common designation for the period between the 1650s and the 1730s, when maritime piracy was a significant factor in the histories of the North Atlantic and Indian Oceans.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Charles Vane</span> English pirate (d. 1721)

Charles Vane was an English pirate who operated in the Bahamas during the end of the Golden Age of Piracy.

Henry Jennings was an English privateer-turned-pirate. Jennings' first recorded act of piracy took place in early 1716 when, with three vessels and 150–300 men, Jennings' fleet ambushed the Spanish salvage camp from the 1715 Treasure Fleet. After the Florida raid, Jennings and his crew also linked up with Benjamin Hornigold's "three sets of pirates" from New Providence Island.

See also 1717 in piracy, 1719 in piracy, and Timeline of piracy.

See also 1718 in piracy, 1720 in piracy, 1719 and Timeline of piracy.

See also 1719 in piracy, 1721 in piracy and Timeline of piracy.

True Caribbean Pirates is a documentary that aired on the History Channel in 2006.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Republic of Pirates</span> Pirate stronghold in the Bahamas (1706–1718)

The Republic of Pirates was the base and stronghold of a loose confederacy run by privateers-turned-pirates in Nassau on New Providence island in the Bahamas during the Golden Age of Piracy for about twelve years from 1706 until 1718. While it was not a republic in a formal sense, it was governed by an informal pirate code, which dictated that the crews of the Republic would vote on the leadership of their ships and treat other pirate crews with civility. The term comes from Colin Woodard's book of the same name.

Leigh Ashworth was a pirate and privateer operating in the Caribbean in the early 1700s.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Flying Gang</span> Group of pirates in 18th century

The Flying Gang was an 18th-century group of pirates who established themselves in Nassau, New Providence in the Bahamas after the destruction of Port Royal in Jamaica. The gang consisted of the most notorious and cunning pirates of the time, and they terrorized and pillaged the Caribbean until the Royal Navy and infighting brought them to justice. They achieved great fame and wealth by raiding salvagers attempting to recover gold from the sunken Spanish treasure fleet. They established their own codes and governed themselves independent from any of the colonial powers of the time. Nassau was deemed the Republic of Pirates as it attracted many former privateers looking for work to its shores. The Governor of Bermuda stated that there were over 1,000 pirates in Nassau at that time and that they outnumbered the mere hundred inhabitants in the town.

Jean Bonadvis was a French pirate active in the Caribbean. He is best known for his involvement with Benjamin Hornigold and "Calico Jack" Rackham.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Robert Deal (pirate)</span>

Robert Deal was a pirate active in the Caribbean. He is best known for his association with Charles Vane.

Joseph Thompson was a pirate from Trinidad, Cuba, and was active in the Caribbean. He is primarily known for a single incident involving grenades.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jonathan Barnet</span> English privateer

Jonathan Barnet was an English privateer in the Caribbean, best known for capturing pirates Calico Jack, Anne Bonny, and Mary Read. The Assembly of the Colony of Jamaica gave him a financial reward, and a large estate in the parish of St James worked by African slaves.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1717–1718 Acts of Grace</span> Proclamations promising pardons for acts of piracy

The Proclamation for Suppressing of Pirates was a royal proclamation issued by George I of Great Britain on 5 September 1717. It promised a pardon for acts of piracy committed before the following 5 January to those pirates who surrendered themselves to the correct authority before a deadline. Originally, the surrender had to occur on or before 5 September 1718; this was later extended by a second proclamation to 1 July 1719.

References

  1. Woodard, Colin (2008). The Republic of Pirates: Being the True and Surprising Story of the Caribbean Pirates and the Man Who Brought Them Down. Orlando FL: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ISBN   978-0547415758.
  2. Cordingly, David (2012). Spanish Gold: Captain Woodes Rogers and the True Story of the Pirates of the Caribbean. London: A&C Black. p. 191. ISBN   9781408822166 . Retrieved 26 July 2017.
  3. Baldwin, Robert. "The Tryals Of Captain John Rackham and Other Pirates". Internet Archives. 1721, p. 31. "...on the 22d Day of October, in the feventh Year of the Reign of our faid Sovereign Lord the King, that now is, upon the high Sea, in a certain Place, diftant about one League from Negril-Point, in the Island of Jamaica, in America, and within the Jurisdiction of this Court ; did piratically and felonioufly, go over to, John Rackam...". Retrieved 11 May 2024.
  4. 1 2 3 The Tryals of Captain John Rackham and other Pirates (Jamaica, 1721) pg 16.